Fluoroscopy is an x-ray-based imaging technique used to acquire moving images of internal organs and body structures. In effect, it produces a "movie" in real time by placing the patient or body part between a continuous x-ray beam and an image intensifier, which converts the x-ray energy to light. The image then projects onto a monitor. Common uses of fluoroscopy include upper gastrointestinal (GI) and pelvic exams, minor orthopedic surgeries, placement of catheters and cardiac pacemakers and imaging blood vessels.

Many fluoroscopy procedures involve the use of contrast agents, such as barium or iodine, which are administered prior to or during the exam. Risks associated with fluoroscopy are the same as for any procedure involving x-ray and/or contrast agents. Depending on the body part under study, fluoroscopic procedures can take upwards of one hour or more.